IRIX Base Documentation 1998 November

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/ IRIX Base Documentation 1998 November / IRIX 6.5.2 Base Documentation November 1998.img / usr / share / catman / u_man / cat1 / ex.z / ex

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Text File | 1998-10-20 | 22KB | 400 lines

eeeexxxx((((1111)))) eeeexxxx((((1111)))) NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE ex - text editor SSSSYYYYNNNNOOOOPPPPSSSSIIIISSSS eeeexxxx [----ssss] [----llll] [----LLLL] [----RRRR] [----rrrr file] [----tttt tag] [----vvvv] [----VVVV] [----xxxx] [----CCCC] [++++ command] [----cccc command] [----wwww size] file ... DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN _e_x is the root of a family of editors: _e_x and _v_i. _e_x is a superset of _e_d, with the most notable extension being a display editing facility. Display based editing is the focus of _v_i. If you use a window or a CRT terminal, you may wish to use the _v_i(1) editor, which focuses on the display-editing portion of _e_x. FFFFoooorrrr eeeedddd UUUUsssseeeerrrrssss If you have used _e_d(1) you will find that, in addition to having all of the _e_d(1) commands available, _e_x has a number of additional features useful on CRT terminals. Intelligent terminals and high speed terminals are very pleasant to use with _v_i. Generally, the _e_x editor uses far more of the capabilities of terminals than _e_d(1) does and uses the terminal capability data base (see _t_e_r_m_i_n_f_o(4)) and the type of the terminal you are using from the environment variable TERM to determine how to drive your terminal efficiently. The editor makes use of features such as insert and delete character and line in its vvvviiiissssuuuuaaaallll command (which can be abbreviated vvvviiii) and which is the central mode of editing when using _v_i(1). _e_x contains a number of features for easily viewing the text of the file. The zzzz command gives easy access to windows of text. Typing ^^^^DDDD (control- d) causes the editor to scroll a half-window of text and is more useful for quickly stepping through a file than just typing return. Of course, the screen-oriented vvvviiiissssuuuuaaaallll mode gives constant access to editing context. _e_x gives you help when you make mistakes. The uuuunnnnddddoooo (uuuu) command allows you to reverse any single change that goes astray. _e_x gives you a lot of feedback, normally printing changed lines, and indicates when more than a few lines are affected by a command so that it is easy to detect when a command has affected more lines than it should have. The editor also normally prevents overwriting existing files, unless you edited them, so that you do not accidentally overwrite a file other than the one you are editing. If the system (or editor) crashes, or you accidentally hang up the telephone, you can use the editor rrrreeeeccccoooovvvveeeerrrr command (or ----rrrr _f_i_l_e option) to retrieve your work. This gets you back to within a few lines of where you left off. _e_x has several features for dealing with more than one file at a time. You can give it a list of files on the command line and use the nnnneeeexxxxtttt (nnnn) command to deal with each in turn. The nnnneeeexxxxtttt command can also be given a list of filenames, or a pattern as used by the shell to specify a new set of files to be dealt with. In general, filenames in the editor can be PPPPaaaaggggeeee 1111 eeeexxxx((((1111)))) eeeexxxx((((1111)))) formed with full shell metasyntax. The metacharacter %%%% is also available in forming filenames and is replaced by the name of the current file. For editing large groups of related files you can use _e_x's ttttaaaagggg command to quickly locate functions and other important points in any of the files. This is useful when working on a large program when you want to quickly find the definition of a particular function. The _c_t_a_g_s(1) utility builds a _t_a_g_s file for C, Pascal, and FORTRAN programs. The editor has a group of buffers whose names are the ASCII lower-case letters (aaaa-zzzz). You can place text in these named buffers where it is available to be inserted elsewhere in the file. The contents of these buffers remain available when you begin editing a new file using the eeeeddddiiiitttt (eeee) command. There is a command &&&& in _e_x that repeats the last ssssuuuubbbbssssttttiiiittttuuuutttteeee command. In addition, there is a confirmed substitute command. You give a range of substitutions to be done and the editor interactively asks whether each substitution is desired. It is possible to ignore the case of letters in searches and substitutions. _e_x also allows regular expressions that match words to be constructed. This is convenient, for example, in searching for the word eeeeddddiiiitttt if your document also contains the word eeeeddddiiiittttoooorrrr. See the rrrreeeeggggccccoooommmmpppp(5) man page for information about using the regular expression syntax. This version of _e_x is X/Open compliant and uses the X/Open defined regular expression syntax. _e_x has a set of options that you can set to tailor it to your liking. One option that is very useful is the aaaauuuuttttooooiiiinnnnddddeeeennnntttt option that allows the editor to supply leading white space to align text automatically. You can then use ^^^^DDDD as a backtab and space or tab to move forward to align new code easily. Miscellaneous useful features include an intelligent jjjjooooiiiinnnn (jjjj) command that supplies white space between joined lines automatically, commands <<<< and >>>> that shift groups of lines, and the ability to filter portions of the buffer through commands such as _s_o_r_t(1). IIIInnnnvvvvooooccccaaaattttiiiioooonnnn OOOOppppttttiiiioooonnnnssss The following invocation options are interpreted by _e_x (previously documented options are discussed in the NNNNOOOOTTTTEEEESSSS section at the end of this manual page): ----ssss Suppress all interactive-user feedback. This is useful in processing editor scripts. ----llll Set lisp mode; indents appropriately for Lisp code; the (), {}, [[[[[[[[ and ]]]]]]]] commands in visual mode are modified to have meaning for Lisp. PPPPaaaaggggeeee 2222 eeeexxxx((((1111)))) eeeexxxx((((1111)))) ----LLLL List the names of all files saved as the result of an editor or system crash. ----RRRR RRRReeeeaaaaddddoooonnnnllllyyyy mode; the rrrreeeeaaaaddddoooonnnnllllyyyy flag is set, preventing accidental overwriting of the file. ----rrrr _f_i_l_e Edit _f_i_l_e after an editor or system crash. (Recovers the version of _f_i_l_e that was in the buffer when the crash occurred.) ----tttt _t_a_g Edit the file containing the _t_a_g and position the editor at its definition. ----vvvv Invoke _v_i. ----xxxx Encryption option; when used, _e_x simulates an XXXX command and prompts the user for a key. This key is used to encrypt and decrypt text using the algorithm of _c_r_y_p_t(1). The XXXX command makes an educated guess to determine whether text read in is encrypted or not. The temporary buffer file is encrypted also, using a transformed version of the key typed in for the ----xxxx option. See _c_r_y_p_t(1). ----CCCC Encryption option; the same as the ----xxxx option, except that _e_x simulates a CCCC command. The CCCC command is like the XXXX command, except that all text read in is assumed to have been encrypted. ++++ _c_o_m_m_a_n_d Begin editing by executing the specified _e_x command-mode commands. As with normal editing command-line entries, the _c_o_m_m_a_n_d option-argument can consist of multiple _e_x commands separated by vertical-line characters (|). The use of commands that enter input or visual modes in this manner produces undefined results. ----wwww _s_i_z_e Set the value of the _w_i_n_d_o_w editor option to _s_i_z_e. ----cccc _c_o_m_m_a_n_d Begin editing by executing the specified editor _c_o_m_m_a_n_d (usually a search or positioning command). The _f_i_l_e argument indicates one or more files to be edited. eeeexxxx SSSSttttaaaatttteeeessss Command Normal and initial state. Input prompted for by ::::. Your line kill character cancels a partial command. Insert Entered by aaaa, iiii, or cccc. Arbitrary text can be entered. Insert state normally is terminated by a line having only "...." on it, or, abnormally, with an interrupt. Visual Entered by typing vvvviiii; terminated by typing QQQQ or ^\ (control-\). PPPPaaaaggggeeee 3333 eeeexxxx((((1111)))) eeeexxxx((((1111)))) eeeexxxx CCCCoooommmmmmmmaaaannnndddd NNNNaaaammmmeeeessss aaaannnndddd AAAAbbbbbbbbrrrreeeevvvviiiiaaaattttiiiioooonnnnssss aaaabbbbbbbbrrrreeeevvvv aaaabbbb mmmmaaaapppp sssseeeetttt sssseeee aaaappppppppeeeennnndddd aaaa mmmmaaaarrrrkkkk mmmmaaaa sssshhhheeeellllllll sssshhhh aaaarrrrggggssss aaaarrrr mmmmoooovvvveeee mmmm ssssoooouuuurrrrcccceeee ssssoooo cccchhhhaaaannnnggggeeee cccc nnnneeeexxxxtttt nnnn ssssuuuubbbbssssttttiiiittttuuuutttteeee ssss ccccooooppppyyyy ccccoooo nnnnuuuummmmbbbbeeeerrrr nnnnuuuu uuuunnnnaaaabbbbbbbbrrrreeeevvvv uuuunnnnaaaabbbb ddddeeeelllleeeetttteeee dddd pppprrrreeeesssseeeerrrrvvvveeee pppprrrreeee uuuunnnnddddoooo uuuu eeeeddddiiiitttt eeee pppprrrriiiinnnntttt pppp uuuunnnnmmmmaaaapppp uuuunnnnmmmm ffffiiiilllleeee ffff ppppuuuutttt ppppuuuu vvvveeeerrrrssssiiiioooonnnn vvvveeee gggglllloooobbbbaaaallll gggg qqqquuuuiiiitttt qqqq vvvviiiissssuuuuaaaallll vvvviiii iiiinnnnsssseeeerrrrtttt iiii rrrreeeeaaaadddd rrrr wwwwrrrriiiitttteeee wwww jjjjooooiiiinnnn jjjj rrrreeeeccccoooovvvveeeerrrr rrrreeeecccc xxxxiiiitttt xxxx lllliiiisssstttt llll rrrreeeewwwwiiiinnnndddd rrrreeeewwww yyyyaaaannnnkkkk yyyyaaaa eeeexxxx CCCCoooommmmmmmmaaaannnnddddssss shell escape !!!! forced encryption CCCC heuristic encryption XXXX lshift <<<< print next CR resubst &&&& rshift >>>> scroll ^^^^DDDD window zzzz eeeexxxx CCCCoooommmmmmmmaaaannnndddd AAAAddddddddrrrreeeesssssssseeeessss _n line _n ////_p_a_t next with _p_a_t .... current ????_p_a_t previous with _p_a_t $$$$ last _x----_n _n before _x ++++ next _x,,,,_y _x through _y ---- previous ''''_x marked with _x ++++_n _n forward '''''''' previous context %%%% 1,$ IIIInnnniiiittttiiiiaaaalllliiiizzzziiiinnnngggg ooooppppttttiiiioooonnnnssss EEEEXXXXIIIINNNNIIIITTTT place sssseeeetttt's here in environment variable $$$$HHHHOOOOMMMMEEEE////....eeeexxxxrrrrcccc editor initialization file ....////....eeeexxxxrrrrcccc editor initialization file sssseeeetttt _x enable option _x sssseeeetttt nnnnoooo_x disable option _x sssseeeetttt _x====_v_a_l give value _v_a_l to option _x sssseeeetttt show changed options sssseeeetttt aaaallllllll show all options sssseeeetttt _x???? show value of option _x If the EEEEXXXXIIIINNNNIIIITTTT environment variable is set, initialization options are taken from that variable. Otherwise, initialization options are taken from $$$$HHHHOOOOMMMMEEEE////....eeeexxxxrrrrcccc, if it exists. Finally, if the eeeexxxxrrrrcccc option is set (either by EEEEXXXXIIIINNNNIIIITTTT or $$$$HHHHOOOOMMMMEEEE////....eeeexxxxrrrrcccc,) initialization options are taken from ....////....eeeexxxxrrrrcccc, if it exists. PPPPaaaaggggeeee 4444 eeeexxxx((((1111)))) eeeexxxx((((1111)))) MMMMoooosssstttt uuuusssseeeeffffuuuullll ooooppppttttiiiioooonnnnssss aaaannnndddd tttthhhheeeeiiiirrrr aaaabbbbbbbbrrrreeeevvvviiiiaaaattttiiiioooonnnnssss aaaauuuuttttooooiiiinnnnddddeeeennnntttt aaaaiiii supply indent aaaauuuuttttoooowwwwrrrriiiitttteeee aaaawwww write before changing files ddddiiiirrrreeeeccccttttoooorrrryyyy pathname of directory for temporary work files allow _v_i/_e_x to read the ....eeeexxxxrrrrcccc in the current directory; this option is set in the EEEEXXXXIIIINNNNIIIITTTT shell variable or in the ....eeeexxxxrrrrcccc file in the $$$$HHHHOOOOMMMMEEEE directory eeeexxxxrrrrcccc eeeexxxx iiiiggggnnnnoooorrrreeeeccccaaaasssseeee iiiicccc ignore case of letters in scanning lllliiiisssstttt print ^^^^IIII for tab, $ at end mmmmaaaaggggiiiicccc treat .... [[[[ **** special in patterns mmmmooooddddeeeelllliiiinnnneeeessss first five lines and last five lines executed as _v_i/_e_x commands if they are of the form eeeexxxx::::_c_o_m_m_a_n_d:::: or vvvviiii::::_c_o_m_m_a_n_d:::: nnnnuuuummmmbbbbeeeerrrr nnnnuuuu number lines ppppaaaarrrraaaaggggrrrraaaapppphhhhssss ppppaaaarrrraaaa macro names that start paragraphs rrrreeeeddddrrrraaaawwww simulate smart terminal rrrreeeeppppoooorrrrtttt informs you if the number of lines modified by the last command is greater than the value of the rrrreeeeppppoooorrrrtttt variable ssssccccrrrroooollllllll command mode lines sssseeeeccccttttiiiioooonnnnssss sssseeeecccctttt macro names that start sections sssshhhhiiiiffffttttwwwwiiiiddddtttthhhh sssswwww for <<<< >>>>, and input ^^^^DDDD sssshhhhoooowwwwmmmmaaaattttcccchhhh ssssmmmm to )))) and }}}} as typed sssshhhhoooowwwwmmmmooooddddeeee ssssmmmmdddd show insert mode in _v_i sssslllloooowwwwooooppppeeeennnn sssslllloooowwww stop updates during insert tttteeeerrrrmmmm specifies to vvvviiii the type of terminal being used (the default is the value of the environment variable TTTTEEEERRRRMMMM) wwwwiiiinnnnddddoooowwww visual mode lines wwwwrrrraaaappppmmmmaaaarrrrggggiiiinnnn wwwwmmmm automatic line splitting wwwwrrrraaaappppssssccccaaaannnn wwwwssss search around end (or beginning) of buffer SSSSccccaaaannnnnnnniiiinnnngggg ppppaaaatttttttteeeerrrrnnnn ffffoooorrrrmmmmaaaattttiiiioooonnnn ^^^^ beginning of line $$$$ end of line .... any character \\\\<<<< beginning of word \\\\>>>> end of word [[[[_s_t_r]]]] any character in _s_t_r [[[[^^^^_s_t_r]]]] any character not in _s_t_r [[[[_x-_y]]]] any character between _x and _y **** any number of preceding characters FFFFIIIILLLLEEEESSSS /usr/lib/exrecover recover command /usr/lib/expreserve preserve command /usr/share/lib/terminfo/* describes capabilities of terminals $HOME/.exrc editor startup file ./.exrc editor startup file /tmp/Ex_n_n_n_n_n editor temporary /tmp/Rx_n_n_n_n_n named buffer temporary PPPPaaaaggggeeee 5555 eeeexxxx((((1111)))) eeeexxxx((((1111)))) /usr/preserve/_l_o_g_i_n preservation directory (where _l_o_g_i_n is the user's login name) NNNNOOOOTTTTEEEESSSS Several options, although they continue to be supported, have been replaced in the documentation by options that follow the Command Syntax Standard (see _i_n_t_r_o(1)). The ---- option has been replaced by ----ssss, a ----rrrr option that is not followed with an option-argument has been replaced by ----LLLL, and ++++_c_o_m_m_a_n_d has been replaced by ----cccc _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. _e_x has a limit of 15,687,678 editable lines. Attempts to edit or create files larger than this limit cause _e_x to terminate with an appropriate error message. SSSSEEEEEEEE AAAALLLLSSSSOOOO crypt(1), ctags(1), ed(1), edit(1), grep(1), sed(1), sort(1), vi(1), curses(3X), term(4), terminfo(4), regcomp(5). BBBBUUUUGGGGSSSS The zzzz command prints the number of logical rather than physical lines. More than a screen full of output may result if long lines are present. File input/output errors do not print a name if the command line ----ssss option is used. There is no easy way to do a single scan ignoring case. The editor does not warn if text is placed in named buffers and not used before exiting the editor. Null characters are discarded in input files and cannot appear in resultant files. PPPPaaaaggggeeee 6666